NUTRITION & HEALTH (HTF 275)

HELLOOO..!!!!..topic for today is on food pyramid..:-)..hope you can gain some knowledge from this topic..;-)

FOOD PYRAMID 

Explanation of Pyramid:

• Activity: Represented by the steps and the person climbing them, as a reminder of the importance of daily physical activity.

• Moderation: Represented by the narrowing of each food group from bottom to top. The wider base stands for foods with little or no solid fats or added sugars. These foods should be selected more often. The narrower top area stands for foods containing added sugars and solid fats. The more active you are, the more of these foods can fit into your diet.

• Proportionality: Shown by the different widths of the food group bands. The widths suggest how much food a person should choose from each group. The widths are just a general guide, not exact proportions.

• Variety: Symbolized by the 6 colors bands representing the 5 food groups of the Pyramid plus oils. This illustrates that foods from all groups are needed each day for good health.

• Gradual improvement: Gradual improvement is encouraged by the slogan "Steps to a Healthier You." It suggest that you can benefit from taking small steps to improve your diet and lifestyle each day.

Grains

• Eat at least 3 oz. of whole-grain cereals, breads, crackers, rice or pasta every day.
• 1 oz. is about 1 slice of bread, about 1 cup of breakfast cereal, or 1/2 cup of cooked rice, cereal or pasta.



Vegetables

• Eat more dark-green veggies like broccoli, spinach and other dark leafy greens.
• Eat more orange vegetables like carrots and sweet potatoes.
• Eat more dry beans and peas like pinto beans, kidney beans and lentils.

Fruits

• Eat a variety of fruit.
• Choose fresh, frozen, canned or dried fruit.
• Go easy on fruit juices.

Milk

• Go low-fat or fat-free when choose milk, yogurt and other milk products.
• If you don't or can't consume milk, choose lactose-free products or other calcium sources such as fortified foods and beverages.





Meat & Beans

• Choose low-fat or lean meats and poultry.
• Bake it, broil it or grill it.
• Vary your protein routine-choose more fish, beans, peas, nuts and seeds.



P/S :- 

• FIND YOUR BALANCE BETWEEN FOOD & PHYSICAL ACTIVITY.
• KNOW THE LIMITS ON FATS, SUGARS & SALT.

byee...!!!!..:D

HTF 200 [ DIGESTION PROCESS ]

Helloo..!!!! this time I 'll share with u all about the digestion process in our body...This topic is for Introduction to Nutrition (HTF 200)...byee..!!!!

The human digestive system is a complex series of organs and glands that processes food. In order to use the food we eat, our body has to break the food down into smaller molecules that it can process; it also has to excrete waste.

 

1) The start of the process - the mouth: The digestive process begins in the mouth. Food is partly broken down by the process of chewing and by the chemical action of salivary enzymes (these enzymes are produced by the salivary glands and break down starches into smaller molecules). 

2) On the way to the stomach: the esophagus - After being chewed and swallowed, the food enters the esophagus. The esophagus is a long tube that runs from the mouth to the stomach. It uses rhythmic, wave-like muscle movements (called peristalsis) to force food from the throat into the stomach. This muscle movement gives us the ability to eat or drink even when we're upside-down. 

3) In the stomach - The stomach is a large, sack-like organ that churns the food and bathes it in a very strong acid (gastric acid). Food in the stomach that is partly digested and mixed with stomach acids is called chyme. 

4) In the small intestine - After being in the stomach, food enters the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine. It then enters the jejunum and then the ileum (the final part of the small intestine). In the small intestine, bile (produced in the liver and stored in the gall bladder), pancreatic enzymes, and other digestive enzymes produced by the inner wall of the small intestine help in the breakdown of food. 

5) In the large intestine - After passing through the small intestine, food passes into the large intestine. In the large intestine, some of the water and electrolytes (chemicals like sodium) are removed from the food. Many microbes (bacteria like Bacteroides, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella) in the large intestine help in the digestion process. The first part of the large intestine is called the cecum (the appendix is connected to the cecum). Food then travels upward in the ascending colon. The food travels across the abdomen in the transverse colon, goes back down the other side of the body in the descending colon, and then through the sigmoid colon. 

6) The end of the process - Solid waste is then stored in the rectum until it is excreted via the anus. 

NOW YOU KNOW HOW YOUR WASTE ARE PRODUCE...:D

MGT 162

P.O.L.C (PLANNING, ORGANIZING, LEADING & CONTROLLING)

PLANNING

-Planning is the function of management that involves setting objectives and determining a course of action for achieving those objectives.

-Require manager to be good decision making.

-Consists several steps:The process begins with environmental scanning which simply means that planners must be aware of the critical contingencies facing their organization in terms of economic conditions, their competitors, and their customers. Planners must then attempt to forecast future conditions. These forecasts form the basis for planning.

Planners must establish objectives, which are statements of what needs to be achieved and when. Planners must then identify alternative courses of action for achieving objectives. After evaluating the various alternatives, planners must make decisions about the best courses of action for achieving objectives. They must then formulate necessary steps and ensure effective implementation of plans. Finally, planners must constantly evaluate the success of their plans and take corrective action when necessary.

ORGANIZING

-Organizing is the function of management that involves developing an organizational structure and allocating human resources to ensure the accomplishment of objectives.

-also involves the design of individual jobs within the organization.

LEADING

-Leading involves the social and informal sources of influence that you use to inspire action taken by others.

-If managers are effective leaders, their subordinates will be enthusiastic about exerting effort to attain organizational objectives.

CONTROLLING

-Controlling involves ensuring that performance does not deviate from standards.

-consists of three steps:

1)Establishing performance standards.

2)Comparing actual performance against standards.

3)Taking corrective action when necessary.

-The measurement of performance can be done in several ways, depending on the performance standards, including;- financial statements, sales reports, production results, customer satisfaction, and formal performance appraisals.

Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a general term for disease of the heart and blood vessels like coronary artery disease, stroke and high blood pressure. According to Khan, S., Chauhan, U. K., Dwivedi, M. K., Tripathi, A. K., and Shukla, S. (2010), an approximately 17 million people die for every year from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and most of them caused by heart attacks and stroke. In United States, cardiovascular diseases are leading cause of illness and death. According to federal government National Center for Health Statistic, more than 68 million Americans have symptoms of cardiovascular disease.

This type of disease can affect anyone at any age level either younger or elder. It also can affect men and women. So, anyone have a probability to get this type of disease if not take a good care about the lifestyle. Many factors can influence the risk for this type of disease. Some of them can be control and some of them can’t be control. There are several factors that contributing to this cardiovascular disease such as smoking habits, physical inactivity and high blood pressure.

Henry (n. d.) stated that smoking behavior is a major contributor to coronary heart disease, stroke and peripheral vascular. As we know, smoking has a lot of disadvantages and it is danger to the heart health. There are a lot of advertisements about the smoking and most of them tell about the bad effects and dangers of smoking habits because smoking are harmful to health and increase the risk to get cardiovascular disease. There are too many of cases that related to the smoking behavior. Most of all cases are related to the big heart health problems. It is not only smokers get the effects but the people who are nearest or lives around the smokers also get the effects. So, everyone can get the effect of smoking even they are smoking or not.

Smoking contributes to the development of blocked arteries which is can lead to the damage of heart. The damage of heart is also known as coronary heart disease. Smoking is also one of the major risk factor for coronary heart disease. The coronary heart infection is the most general form of cardiovascular disease. Smoking habit also increases the risk of blood clots. The increasing of blood clots will lead to the strokes disease and it is occur when blood clot blocks an artery in the brain. The most common cause is atherosclerosis in which fatty deposits form in the vessel walls of the brain. Other than that, cigarette smoking also reduces the oxygen in the blood and increase blood pressure. The increasing of blood pressure will lead to the hypertension which is also known as high blood pressure. High blood pressure or hypertension also known as the “silent killer” and it is one of the major risk factors for the coronary heart disease and stroke.

Other than smoking habits, physical inactivity is also a cardiovascular risk factor which is often called as lifestyle factor. People who are lack of exercise have twice risk to having heart disease and stroke. By having a regular exercise, it will reduce the likelihood of a heart attack and may improve the chances of survival if one does occur. Physical inactivity also will decrease the HDL which is high density lipoprotein and increase the low density lipoprotein (LDL). Low density lipoprotein is also known as “bad cholesterol” because it increases the coronary heart disease risk. The bad cholesterol must be less than 100mg/ dL and if it achieve to 190mg/ dL and above, it will cause the danger to the health because it is very high. High density lipoprotein is known as “good cholesterol” because it protects the arteries by taking cholesterol to the liver for disposal. High level of HDL is good to the health. Henry (n. d.) stated that the person who have a cardiovascular disease don’t have a chance of survival if they are still not doing an exercise. It is because; physical activity or exercise may improve the chance of survival for the person who has cardiovascular disease. There are a lot of advantages of regular physical activity that related to the cardiovascular system such as improved functioning of the cardiovascular system, reduced levels of blood lipids that associated with cardiovascular disease and can increase the stamina.

assalamualaikum...hai...hellooo..:D

This is my first blog that i had done..before this i don't know anything about "blog" until my lecture ask me and my classmate to create it...Hope anyone can gain knowledge and some information through this blog..so, enjoy it..!!!!

assalamualaikum & byee..!!!! ;-)